![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive2.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
(version fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la suite…)<\/p>\n
POLICY DESIGN LABS AND URBACT EXCHANGE NETWORKS<\/p>\n
Fran\u00e7ois J\u00e9gou, Strategic Design Scenarios<\/em>[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0The network will produce deliverables that will allow other cities to benefit from all that has been exchanged between the participating cities …\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. All proposals for new URBACT networks promise profits of capitalization and dissemination. But what is it in reality? As noted by Ulrike Felt, Rector of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Vienna[2]<\/a>the European research programs suffer from \u00ab\u00a0projectification\u00a0\u00bb : before a project is completed, the efforts of the participants turn to the research of a new project that will feed them once the current one will end with all the consequences in terms loss of content, non-coordination, lack of synergy, etc.<\/p>\n Contrary to projects that succeed one another without a future and articulation, this article describes a modest but successful case of value-creation out of REFILL URBACT network on temporary use of vacant space led with European Metropole of Lille from September to December 2018. The article also seeks, beyond the specificities of the case, to draw lessons in terms of initial configuration of the project and provision of deliverables to facilitate their reuse in new contexts.<\/p>\n But the valorisation should not be done only in one direction. While the experience of URBACT networks can benefit cities outside these networks, reciprocally these networks also have specific experiences and approaches that the URBACT community can benefit from. This article therefore also aims to present the original approach of co-construction of a public policy design lab conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 at the Metropole of Lille. It will seek to learn from the approaches of transformation of public services and policies through design and define what they can bring to the URBACT method.<\/p>\n WORKING GROUP ON TEMPORARY USE<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0Industrial wasteland, unused offices, unoccupied dwellings, etc., all categories combined, the European Metropole of Lille (MEL) counts more than 5000 vacant spaces and, beyond special cases, no public policy on temporary use\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Claire Obr\u00e9, Project Manager in Economy and Employment at the Metropole of Lille and lead of the Working Group on Temporary Use, the primary objective is to ensure that temporary use will be possible, either by an internal management or through a third-party actor. There is temporary occupation on the territory of the Metropole, but nothing organized by Metropole on its own vacant properties. The Working Group on Temporary Use is working transversally between the Directory of Economic Development, Property, Agriculture, Etc. and is looking for an operational organization on this issue. \u00ab\u00a0temporary use is a cultural change in a way, adds Claire Obr\u00e9, and I feel that internally we are not equipped for it and our elected officials are not reassured about these questions\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n LABORATORY DESIGN PUBLIC POLICY<\/p>\n This conversation took place in spring 2018 as part of the definition and implementation of a public policy design lab at the European Metropole of Lille. This process of action-research is conducted by twenty civil servants from various departments and services of the Metropole of which they are \u00ab\u00a0ambassadors\u00a0\u00bb. They are accompanied by 4 designers and project managers \u00ab\u00a0in residence\u00a0\u00bb at the Metropole of Lille 2 to 3 days per month over a period of 18 months. This process called La Transfo – for transformation of public action – is a program supported and implemented by the association La 27e R\u00e9gion[3]<\/a>at the European Metropole of Lille and 8 other local authorities in France: Dunkerque, Lille, Metz, Mulhouse, Occitanie Region, Strasbourg and Paris. \u00ab\u00a0Action research\u00a0\u00bb here means starting from the very first day by pretending that the public policy design lab was already operational, working together with residents and ambassadors on several pilot projects within the Metropole and finally inferring gradually from this series of experiments, the design of the future lab.<\/p>\n After conducting a first practical case to redesign under-used territorial public policies in eco-renovation, the forming Lab within the Transfo proposed to undertake as second practical case, the draft, together with the Working Group on Temporary Use, of a policy of temporary use at the Metropole. To do this, a work program was agreed with the teams of the forming Lab. It consists of 4 activities to be conducted in parallel in fall 2018 in order to issue an action plan and propose it to the deliberation of the elected representatives early 2019:<\/p>\n IMMERSE IN THE ISSUE<\/strong><\/p>\n To become immersed in the subject, the forming Lab moved temporarily to the Condition Publique<\/em>, a third places occupying a former factory in the neighbourhood of Pile, in Roubaix. Hence, a \u201cwalking diagnosis\u201d is organized through the Pile, a metropolitan area particularly affected by mass unemployment and the depletion of its population and which is therefore symptomatic of urban vacancy: just in front of the Condition Publique<\/em>, a walled house following a road expansion project of the city; near the canal from the De\u00fble to the Escault, a former lock keeper\u2019s house has been the subject of several occupancy proposals, but the difficult arrangements between the many stakeholders has made the project unsuccessful; in a more residential area of the city, the Coll\u00e8ge Samain will definitely close its doors in July 2019 and a temporary use project could prevent a foreseeable rapid deterioration of the building; etc. The lab then splits to meet two temporary use projects in the territory: the Trichon farm in Roubaix which is campaigning to cultivate a vast field before it becomes one day a public park; the Gourmet Wasteland, a place of participatory cooking and outdoor dining on the site of the former factory of Fives Cail Babcock in Lille.<\/p>\n Throughout this urban walk, the actors of the forming lab immersed themselves in the problem, photographed and recorded their astonishment: vacancy is both a symptom and a participating element of a dysfunctioning social and urban dynamics. How to match the demand and the supply of vacant spaces? Once the period of temporary use is over, what happens to the initiative that developed there? Who are the stakeholders in the administration of the Metropole and how to get their help to set up a temporary use project? Does the revalorization of a disadvantaged neighbourhood by the presence of this type of initiative lead to de facto increasing rents (gentrification)? How can we make construction and safety standards that apply to permanent spaces compatible with temporary use of only a few months? Etc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n LEARNING FROM INSPIRATIONAL PRACTICES FROM HERE AND ELSEWHERE<\/strong><\/p>\n This urban walk only scratches the surface of the vacant spaces question and the multiple appetites for temporary use. But immersion is worth 1000 words: the Metropole civil servants do not usually address a new project in this way. They got a significant experience of the problem and are ready to explore and analyse other temporary use experiences in France and Europe. A \u00ab\u00a0selected cases buffet\u00a0\u00bb awaits them on a series of tables: sixty local and national examples as well and many European references from the work conducted for three years within the European network URBACT \u00ab\u00a0REFILL The City\u00a0\u00bb between 10 European cities: Ghent, Athens, Amersfoort, Bremen, Cluj, Helsinki, Nantes, Ostrava, Poznan and Riga.<\/p>\n The exercise builds on the Roadmap to temporary use<\/em>tool from the toolbox produced and made available by the REFILL network in order to help the establishment of a practice of temporary use in cities. This roadmap is designed as a map of the \u201ccity of REFILL\u201d, a virtual city that would combine the best practices of the 10 participating cities to the URBACT network mentioned above. On this map different neighbourhoods represent the different major steps of the establishment of a temporary use practice: a \u00ab\u00a0zone of cultural, social, entrepreneurial\u00a0\u00bb candidates for temporary use; an \u00ab\u00a0administrative district\u00a0\u00bb dealing with legal, technical and safety; a \u00ab\u00a0district with support services\u201d to temporary use; etc. A circular road connects each of these neighbourhoods, suggesting about fifteen milestones as \u00ab\u00a0mapping the vacant spaces\u00a0\u00bb; \u00ab\u00a0Analysing the supply and demand\u00a0\u00bb; \u00ab\u00a0Building the political support\u00a0\u00bb; \u00ab\u00a0Developing a new temporary use value creation model\u00a0\u00bb; etc. In contrast to a framed method, the REFILL Roadmap is more a tourist map suggesting different possible journeys that each city must choose starting with the most pertinent actions, organizing its progress in the local context, creating its own route.<\/p>\n Temporary use has all the nuances of tastes between bottom-up driven process from field operators and top-down actions initiated by the government. The forming lab ambassadors collect and exchange at will the cases presented, discuss the implications of each example, gather in small groups to fill in an analytical framework: what is the case of temporary use examined about? How do they operate in the territory? What are the mechanisms and especially what are the benefits for the community? After the field immersion, the lab consolidated and enriched its understanding of temporary use. A pitch presenting a first rational of temporary use applied to the Metropole supported by a series of examples is recorded in the form of a short video manifest to be broadcasted in order to raise the awareness of all the Metropole agents on the topic: about the many vacant spaces on the metropolitan territory; the costs incurred for the public authority; considering temporary use as an opportunity: the potential of hosting many social, cultural, entrepreneurial initiatives, bringing people together, revitalizing neighbourhoods, experimenting urban development projects, fostering the emergence of the urban destinations through the interaction with citizens, etc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n EXPERIMENTING TEMPORARY USE<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0In Ghent, we started with two iconic temporary use projects to demonstrate the feasibility and interest to our elected officials and to us in the city administration, a first concrete experience\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. The idea to start with a demonstrator before building a public policy expressed by Emma Tydgat, from the Policy participation unit in Ghent coordinator of the REFILL network was noticed by the forming lab participants.<\/p>\n It combines with the ideas of Pozna\u0144, REFILL partner as well: to better understand the vacancy in some streets the city planned to install an administration office in an empty shop in the heart of the problem[4]<\/a>. The Metropole lab seeks to further explore the hypothesis of temporary use by the Metropolitan services themselves: how the different functions of a local government could use their own vacant properties to accommodate \u00ab\u00a0temporary bridgeheads\u00a0\u00bb of their services nearer to the citizens: \u00a0work placement projects close to young people; citizens participation workshops; educational initiatives on sustainable and responsible citizenship; demonstrators of energy renovation and of course, an instantiation of the public policy design lab in field immersion …<\/p>\n For the rest of the process the forming lab of the Metropole experiences itself a vacant space by moving to a former traffic control room in Tourcoing on the outskirts of Lille. In line with the principles of good design approach, the idea is \u201cdoing before thinking\u00a0\u00bb or at least of doing and thinking at the same time. In other words, to be in the swing of things and think about how the Metropole of Lille can build its temporary use policy, nothing better for the civil servant to try themselves the use of a vacant space.<\/p>\n By delivering a few tables and chairs former traffic control room Tourcoing, unused for several years turns into a \u201ctemporary public policy design lab\u00a0\u00bb. The occupation of a vacant place by twenty civil servants led them to experience the difficulties faced by applicants for temporary use. The ambassadors of the forming lab revisit the former traffic control room wondering how to lightly equip it to facilitate its temporary use. Along the temporary use experience, the lab co-constructs a \u00ab\u00a0Toolkit of good use of ephemeral public spaces\u00a0\u00bb which responds to three scenarios suggesting three levels of implication of the Metropole in the opening of the space to third party users: the Metropole uses the space for its own services; the Metropole and a group of associations and partners share the use of the space; the Metropole makes the space available to a third party who manages it. This \u00ab\u00a0Toolkit of good use of ephemeral public spaces\u00a0\u00bb consists of fifty posters to fit the space and includes:<\/p>\n SPARK POLITICAL ATTENTION <\/strong><\/p>\n Impregnation from field experience, tracking inspiring cases, testing of a public service in temporary use: the Metropole forming lab has got a good idea of \u200b\u200bthe challenges and ways forward to foreshadow a future temporary use public service, a kind of \u00ab\u00a0service desk\u00a0\u00bb open to all actors of the territory. To create a solid launching pad for the future service, the Metropole requires a large-scale demonstration project, drafting and accelerating the service and likely to convince the political level.<\/p>\n Inspiration then comes from the city of Riga, also partner of the REFILL network. Elected Capital of Culture in 2014, the city was experiencing a strong economic crisis and did not have the necessary infrastructure to host such an event nor the means to build them. The city made a collaborative agreement with a group of urban activists, squatters and actors of the cultural scene taken by the association Free Riga[5]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>to start a practice of temporary use of vacant spaces in the city and host the programming of its Capital of Culture. The urgency to find spaces to showcase the vibrant Latvian art scene helped to overcome the political cautiousness and set a precedent on which to build for all stakeholders.<\/p>\n The European Metropole of Lille just won against the City of Sydney and will be the World Design Capital in 2020. This title is awarded every two years in recognition of the innovative use of design by a city \u200b\u200bin order to strengthen its economic, social, cultural and environmental context. The Metropole application has been selected because it offered an ambitious territorial transformation through design, based on a call for innovation projects by the design of a set of social themes and particularly the emergence of design applied to public policy. Although not comparable in all respects to the context of Riga in 2014, Lille Design World Capital 2020 seems to be a potential \u00ab\u00a0launching pad\u00a0\u00bb to install the practice of temporary use in the territory. More than 350 Proof of Concepts (POC) are announced in the territory for 2020. The POC is a key step in the design process allowing a light experiment to demonstrate viability of a concept before further developing the project. These POCs are initiatives that need to be put in visibility and therefore that will potentially require many temporary use spaces during the year 2020 to be presented to the local, national and international visitors.<\/p>\n The Metropole lab and the Working Group for Temporary Use take up the REFILL toolbox and co-construct their own route towards the implementation of the temporary use.<\/p>\n CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n This experience allows us to make some assumptions of mutual enrichment between firstly the URBACT approach (networks of towns sharing at European level on a specific challenge in terms of public policy to co-construct in a stakeholder process a territorial action plan) and, secondly, the approach of co-construction of a public policy design lab (based on a action-training process configuring an innovation function in public administration from accumulated experiences of a set of pilot projects).<\/p>\n The capitalized experience of 10 cities over a period of 3 years from REFILL network has accelerated the process of reflection of the Working Group for Temporary Use of the Metropole. The organization of the network deliverables in the form of a modular toolbox, together with a wide range of case studies all articulated in the form of an open roadmap was immediately actionable by a third city. Mediation transfer by an actor involved in both REFILL and the Metropole\u2019s lab is a facilitating factor.<\/p>\n The existence of a public policies design lab in the administration of the Metropole helped seize in a more quick and operational way the experience accumulated by the REFILL network. The relative license which a lab benefits from, its ability to partially overcome the slow decision-making and reporting processes to a least initiate a first experiment extends the co-construction process by stakeholders by making it immediately actionable.<\/p>\n The working methods of a public policy design lab and the URBACT method have in common the integrated approach, the involvement of an ecosystem of stakeholders in processes of co-design and public policy programming. The lab approach adds the practice of field experimentation, a key step in the design process to simulate and test each action of an action plan before its deployment on the territory. The benefit of experimentation is on the one hand, to test and improve each action and on the other hand to involve the actors and to trigger its implementation.<\/p>\n The exchanges and reflections from a wide range of \u00ab\u00a0inspiring cases\u00a0\u00bb collected through REFILL network helped to initiate the strategic conversation among stakeholders in Lille and identify what they think is a good practice for the current territorial situation and seize an opportunity as may represent the Lille Design World Capital 2020. The highlighting of the aforementioned cases of the cities of Ghent and Riga, even if they are from different socio-cultural contexts, comfort the actors in the idea that if it is not won, it’s at least winnable since others have already done it.<\/p>\n Finally, this case of collaboration with the European Metropole of Lille shows a complete example of reuse of lessons capitalised by an URBACT network as REFILL. It confirms the methodology and tools developed for the workshop: \u201cMake your own path to the temporary use\u201d for the URBACT Festival in Lisbon in September 2018 and announced other REFILL development processes like for instance the one initiated with the City of Brussels and Brussels perspective end of 2018.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a>Fran\u00e7ois J\u00e9gou collaborate with for the REFILL network of cities on the temporary use of vacant spaces as Lead Expert URBACT (https:\/\/refillthecity.wordpress.com). It collaborates at the TRANSFO LILLE process of co-construction of a public policy design lab at the Metropole European of Lille worn by the 27th Region (http:\/\/latransfo.la27eregion.fr\/category\/transfo-5\/) and he is part of the Republic of Design, Lille Organizing Committee World Design Capital 2020 (https:\/\/www.lillemetropoleworlddesigncapital2020.fr).<\/p>\n [2]<\/a>Ulrike Felt, Professor of Science and Technology, Rector of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Vienna, keynote at the final conference of H2020 RRI-tools project, Brussels, 21-22 November 2016.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a>The 27th District has programs of \u00ab\u00a0action research\u00a0\u00bb to test new innovative methods with the public and based on multidisciplinary on expertise from design and creative design, social sciences or practices fans and the experience of users, workers and citizens, as a starting point to re-examine the policy. www.la27eregion.fr<\/p>\n [4]<\/a>See in particular the article: J\u00e9gou, F. 2018. Take care of your city\u2019s public services!<\/em>in Zhuangshi 2018.05 Num. 301 Special Feature: Design for Social Innovation and Making City, CSSCI, Shanghai.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a>https:\/\/freeriga.lv<\/p>\n (English version at the beginning)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n POLICY DESIGN LABS AND URBACT EXCHANGE NETWORKS<\/p>\n LABOS DE DESIGN DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES ET RESEAU D\u2019ECHANGE URBACT<\/p>\n Fran\u00e7ois J\u00e9gou, Strategic Design Scenarios[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0Le r\u00e9seau produira des livrables qui permettront \u00e0 d\u2019autres villes de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de tout ce qui aura \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9chang\u00e9 entre les villes participantes\u2026 \u00bb<\/em>. Toutes les propositions de nouveaux r\u00e9seaux URBACT promettent des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de capitalisation et de diss\u00e9mination. Mais dans les faits qu\u2019en est-il r\u00e9ellement ? Comme le soulignait Ulrike Felt, Rectrice de la facult\u00e9 de Sciences sociales \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Vienne[2]<\/a>, les programmes de recherche europ\u00e9ens souffrent de \u00ab projectification \u00bb : avant m\u00eame qu\u2019un projet ne soit termin\u00e9, les efforts des participants se tournent vers le montage d\u2019un nouveau projet qui les nourrira une fois celui en cours termin\u00e9 avec tous les corollaires de perte en ligne, de non coordination, de manque de synergie, etc. que cela entraine.<\/p>\n A l\u2019inverse de projets qui se succ\u00e8dent sans lendemains et sans articulations, cet article d\u00e9crit un exemple modeste mais heureux de valorisation du r\u00e9seau URBACT REFILL sur l\u2019usage transitoire des espaces vacants men\u00e9 avec la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille de septembre \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2018. L\u2019article cherche aussi, au-del\u00e0 des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de l\u2019exemple, \u00e0 tirer des enseignements en termes de configuration initiale du projet et de mise \u00e0 disposition des livrables pour faciliter leur r\u00e9utilisation dans de nouveaux contextes.<\/p>\n Mais la valorisation ne doit pas se faire que dans un seul sens. Si l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des r\u00e9seaux URBACT peut profiter \u00e0 des villes externes \u00e0 ces r\u00e9seaux, r\u00e9ciproquement ces derni\u00e8res ont aussi des exp\u00e9riences et des approches sp\u00e9cifiques dont la communaut\u00e9 URBACT peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier. Cet article vise donc aussi \u00e0 rendre compte de la d\u00e9marche originale de co-construction d\u2019un laboratoire de design des politiques publiques conduite de janvier 2018 \u00e0 juin 2019 \u00e0 la M\u00e9tropole de Lille. Il cherchera \u00e0 tirer des le\u00e7ons des approches de transformation des services et des politiques publiques par le design et d\u00e9finir ce que celles-ci peuvent apporter \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode URBACT.<\/p>\n GROUPE DE TRAVAIL OCCUPATION TRANSITOIRE<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0<\/em>Friches industrielles, bureaux inutilis\u00e9s, habitations inoccup\u00e9es, etc.<\/em>, toutes cat\u00e9gories confondues, la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille (MEL) compterait plus de 5000 sites dont des espaces vacants en attente de projets et, au-del\u00e0 de cas particuliers, aucune politique publique de l\u2019occupation transitoire \u00e0 ce jour\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Pour Claire Obr\u00e9, Charg\u00e9e de mission \u00c9conomie et Emploi \u00e0 la MEL et pilote du Groupe de Travail Occupation Transitoire (GTOT), l\u2019objectif premier est de faire en sorte que l\u2019occupation transitoire soit possible, soit par une gestion interne des choses soit en passant par un acteur tiers. Il existe certes des occupations transitoires sur le territoire de la MEL mais rien d\u2019organis\u00e9 par la MEL sur son propre patrimoine. Le GTOT transversal aux Directions D\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, Patrimoine, Agriculture, etc. est \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019une organisation, d\u2019un fonctionnement autour de cette question. \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est un peu un changement de culture,<\/em>ajoute Claire Obr\u00e9,et j\u2019ai l\u2019impression qu\u2019en interne nous ne sommes pas outill\u00e9s pour cela et nos \u00e9lus ne sont pas tous rassur\u00e9s sur le sujet\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n LABORATOIRE DE DESIGN DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES<\/p>\n Cette conversation se d\u00e9roule au printemps 2018 dans le cadre de la d\u00e9finition et de mise en place d\u2019un labode design des politiques publiques\u00e0 la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille. Ce processus de recherche-action est conduit par une vingtaine d\u2019agents issus de diff\u00e9rentes Directions et Services de la M\u00e9tropole dont ils sont les \u00ab\u00a0ambassadeurs\u00a0\u00bb. Ils sont accompagn\u00e9s par 4 designers et charg\u00e9s de mission \u00ab\u00a0en r\u00e9sidence\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la M\u00e9tropole de Lille 2 \u00e0 3 jours par mois sur une p\u00e9riode de 18 mois. Ce dispositif intitul\u00e9 La Transfo \u2013 pour transformation de l\u2018action publique \u2013 est un programme port\u00e9 et mis en \u0153uvre par l\u2019association La 27e R\u00e9gion[3]<\/a>\u00e0 la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille et dans 8 autres collectivit\u00e9s locales en France\u00a0: Dunkerque, Lille, Metz, Mulhouse, Occitanie, Strasbourg et Paris. Concr\u00e8tement par \u00ab recherche-action\u00a0\u00bb on entend ici commencer d\u00e8s le premier jour en faisant comme si le labo de design des politiques publiques\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 op\u00e9rationnel, travailler ambassadeurs<\/em>et r\u00e9sidents<\/em>ensemble sur plusieurs projets pilotes au sein de la M\u00e9tropole et enfin d\u2019inf\u00e9rer progressivement de cette suite d\u2019exp\u00e9riences, le design du futur labo.<\/p>\n Apr\u00e8s un premier cas pratique portant sur le non-recours tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans les politiques d\u2019\u00e9co-r\u00e9novation des habitations sur le territoire, le Labo provisoire de la Transfo se propose d\u2019entreprendre comme second cas pratique, la pr\u00e9figuration avec le GTOT d\u2019une politique de l\u2019occupation transitoire \u00e0 la MEL. Pour ce faire, un programme de travail est d\u00e9cid\u00e9 avec les \u00e9quipes du Labo provisoire. Il est compos\u00e9 de 4 \u00ab\u00a0activit\u00e9s-ingr\u00e9dients\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 mener en parall\u00e8le et mixer durant l\u2019automne 2018 pour aboutir \u00e0 un plan d\u2019action \u00e0 proposer \u00e0 la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration des \u00e9lus d\u00e9but 2019\u00a0:<\/p>\n S\u2019IMMERGER DANS LA PROBL\u00c9MATIQUE<\/strong><\/p>\n Pour s\u2019immerger dans le sujet, le Labo provisoire de la MEL s\u2019installe temporairement \u00e0 la Condition Publique<\/em>, tiers lieux occupants une ancienne manufacture dans le quartier du Pile, \u00e0 Roubaix. De l\u00e0 un diagnostic marchant s\u2019organise \u00e0 travers le Pile, quartier de la m\u00e9tropole particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9 par le ch\u00f4mage de masse et l\u2019exode de sa population et donc symptomatique de la vacance urbaine\u00a0: juste en face de la Condition publique, une maison de ville mur\u00e9e suite \u00e0 un projet d\u2019agrandissement de la voirie\u00a0; aux abords du canal reliant la De\u00fble \u00e0 l\u2019Escaut, une maison \u00e9clusi\u00e8re vide a fait l\u2019objet de plusieurs propositions d\u2019occupation, mais les difficiles montages entre parties prenantes ont eu raison de ces projets\u00a0; dans une zone plus r\u00e9sidentielle de la ville, le Coll\u00e8ge Samain fermera d\u00e9finitivement ses portes en juillet de cette ann\u00e9e et un projet d\u2019occupation transitoire pourrait permettre d\u2019\u00e9viter une d\u00e9gradation rapide pr\u00e9visible du b\u00e2timent\u00a0; etc. Le Labo se scinde ensuite pour rencontrer deux projets d\u2019occupation transitoire en activit\u00e9 sur le territoire\u00a0: la ferme du Trichon, \u00e0 Roubaix qui milite pour mettre en culture un vaste terrain destin\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir un jour un jardin public\u00a0; la friche gourmande, un espace de cuisine participative et de restauration en plein air sur le site de l\u2019ancienne usine de Fives Cail Babcock \u00e0 Lille.<\/p>\n Tout au long de cette balade urbaine, les acteurs du Labo s\u2019impr\u00e8gnent de la probl\u00e9matique, photographient et notent leurs \u00e9tonnements\u00a0: la vacance est \u00e0 la fois un sympt\u00f4me et un \u00e9l\u00e9ment participant d\u2019une dynamique sociale et urbaine gripp\u00e9e. Comment faire rencontrer l\u2019offre et la demande d\u2019espaces vacants ? Une fois la p\u00e9riode d\u2019occupation transitoire pass\u00e9e qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019il advient de l\u2019initiative qui s\u2019y est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e ? Qui sont les interlocuteurs dans l\u2019administration de la M\u00e9tropole et comment les solliciter pour mettre en place un projet d\u2019occupation transitoire ? Est-ce que la revalorisation d\u2019un quartier d\u00e9favoris\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence de ce type d\u2019initiative n\u2019entra\u00eene pas de facto une envol\u00e9e des prix des loyers (gentrification) ? Comment peut-on rendre compatible les standards de la construction et les normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui s\u2019appliquent aux espaces p\u00e9rennes pour une occupation transitoire de seulement quelques mois ? Etc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n S\u2019INSPIRER DES PRATIQUES D\u2019ICI ET D\u2019AILLEURS<\/strong><\/p>\n Cette balade urbaine ne fait qu\u2019effleurer la question des espaces vacants et les multiples app\u00e9tits d\u2019occupation transitoire. Mais une immersion vaut 1000 mots\u00a0: les agents de la MEL n\u2019ont pas l\u2019habitude d\u2019aborder un nouveau dossier de cette mani\u00e8re. Ils se sont constitu\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience sensible du probl\u00e8me et sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 explorer et analyser d\u2019autres exp\u00e9riences d\u2019occupation transitoire en France et en Europe. Un \u00ab buffet de cas choisis \u00bb les attend sur une suite de tables\u00a0:\u00a0 une soixantaine d\u2019exemples locaux, nationaux et des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences europ\u00e9ennes, issues du travail men\u00e9 pendant trois ann\u00e9es au sein du r\u00e9seau europ\u00e9en URBACT \u00ab\u00a0REFILL The City\u00a0\u00bb entre 10 villes europ\u00e9ennes : Gand, Ath\u00e8nes, Amersfoort, Br\u00e8me, Cluj, Helsinki, Nantes, Ostrava, Pozna\u0144 et Riga.<\/p>\n L\u2019exercice s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019outil Roadmap to Temporary Use<\/em>ou Feuille de route vers la mise en place d\u2019une pratique de l\u2019occupation transitoire dans les villes tir\u00e9e de la bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils produite et mise \u00e0 disposition par le r\u00e9seau REFILL, Cette feuille de route est con\u00e7ue comme la carte de la \u00ab\u00a0ville de REFILL\u00a0\u00bb, une ville virtuelle qui allierait le meilleur des pratiques des 10 villes pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es participantes au r\u00e9seau URBACT. Sur cette carte diff\u00e9rents quartiers repr\u00e9sentent les diff\u00e9rentes grandes composantes de la mise en place d\u2019une pratique de l\u2019occupation transitoire\u00a0: une \u00ab\u00a0zone d’activit\u00e9s culturelles, sociales, entrepreneuriales\u00a0\u00bb candidates \u00e0 l\u2019occupation transitoire\u00a0; un \u00ab\u00a0district administratif\u00a0\u00bb traitant des questions l\u00e9gales, techniques et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0; un \u00ab\u00a0quartier des services support \u00e0 l\u2019occupation transitoire\u00a0; etc. Une route circulaire relie chacun de ces quartiers, sugg\u00e9rant une quinzaine d\u2019\u00e9tapes cl\u00e9s\u00a0comme \u00ab\u00a0cartographier les espaces vacants\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0analyser l\u2019offre et la demande\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0construire le portage politique\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9velopper un mod\u00e8le de cr\u00e9ation de valeur transitoire\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; etc. A l\u2019oppos\u00e9 d\u2019une m\u00e9thode cadr\u00e9e, la feuille de route REFILL se pr\u00e9sente comme une carte touristique, un parcours que chaque ville doit planifier en commen\u00e7ant par les actions les plus opportunes, en organisant sa progression en fonction du contexte local, en se cr\u00e9ant son propre itin\u00e9raire.<\/p>\n L\u2019occupation transitoire pr\u00e9sente toutes les nuances de go\u00fbts entre processus montants \u00e0 l\u2019initiative des op\u00e9rateurs de terrain et actions descendantes initi\u00e9es par les pouvoirs publics. Les agents du Labo se servent \u00e0 volont\u00e9 des cas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s, discutent les implications de chaque exemple, remplissent en petits groupes une grille d\u2019analyse : en quoi consiste les cas d\u2019occupation transitoire examin\u00e9s\u00a0; comment op\u00e8rent-ils sur le territoire\u00a0; quels en sont les m\u00e9canismes et surtout quels en sont les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices pour la collectivit\u00e9 ? Apr\u00e8s l\u2019immersion terrain, le Labo consolide et enrichi son appr\u00e9hension de l\u2019occupation transitoire. Un premier argumentaire de l\u2019occupation transitoire appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la MEL \u00e9tay\u00e9 d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019exemples est enregistr\u00e9 sous la forme d\u2019une courte vid\u00e9o manifeste qui sera diffus\u00e9e \u00e0 tous les agents de la MEL pour les sensibiliser \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique : les espaces vacants sur le territoire de la m\u00e9tropole\u00a0; les co\u00fbts engendr\u00e9s pour la collectivit\u00e9\u00a0; l\u2019occupation transitoire comme une opportunit\u00e9 : h\u00e9berger des initiatives sociales, culturelles, entrepreneuriales, faire se croiser les habitants, redynamiser les quartiers, exp\u00e9rimenter les projets de d\u00e9veloppement urbains, faire \u00e9merger des destinations d\u2019urbanisme de l\u2019interaction avec les citoyens, etc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n EXP\u00c9RIMENTER L\u2019OCCUPATION TRANSITOIRE<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0A Gand, nous avons commenc\u00e9 par monter deux projets d\u2019occupation transitoire embl\u00e9matiques pour en d\u00e9montrer la faisabilit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 nos \u00e9lus et pour nous faire dans les services, une premi\u00e8re exp\u00e9rience concr\u00e8te\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Cette id\u00e9e de commencer par un d\u00e9monstrateur avant de construire une politique publique exprim\u00e9e par Emma Tydgat, de la Direction de la participation \u00e0 la ville de Gand coordinatrice du r\u00e9seau REFILL marque le Labo.<\/p>\n Elle se conjugue aux id\u00e9es de la ville de Pozna\u0144 aussi partenaire de REFILL, qui pour mieux appr\u00e9hender la vacance dans certaines rues envisageait d\u2019installer un bureau de son administration dans une boutique vide au c\u0153ur m\u00eame du probl\u00e8me[4]<\/a>. Le labo de la MEL cherche \u00e0\u00a0creuser l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019un usage transitoire par les services de la M\u00e9tropole elle-m\u00eame :\u00a0comment les diff\u00e9rentes fonctions d\u2019une administration locale pourraient mettre \u00e0 profit leur propre patrimoine d\u2019espace vacant pour y h\u00e9berger des \u00ab t\u00eates de pont temporaires \u00bb de leurs services au plus pr\u00e8s des citoyens : des chantiers d\u2019insertion professionnelle proches des jeunes ; des ateliers de participation; des initiatives p\u00e9dagogiques sur la citoyennet\u00e9 durable et responsable ; des d\u00e9monstrateurs de la r\u00e9novation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et bien s\u00fbr, une instanciation du Labo de design des politiques publiquesen immersion sur le terrain\u2026<\/p>\n Pour la suite du processus le Labo temporaire de la MEL exp\u00e9rimente lui-m\u00eame un espace vacant\u00a0en s\u2019installant dans un ancien poste de r\u00e9gulation du trafic \u00e0 Tourcoing en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Lille. En droite ligne des bons principes de l\u2019approche du design, l\u2019id\u00e9e est de \u00ab faire avant de penser \u00bb ou tout au moins de faire et de penser en m\u00eame temps. Autrement dit pour se mettre dans le bain et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont la M\u00e9tropole de Lille peut construire sa politique d\u2019occupation transitoire, rien de mieux pour les agents que de s\u2019essayer soi-m\u00eame dans l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un espace vacant.<\/p>\n En livrant quelques tables et chaises l\u2019ancien poste de r\u00e9gulation du trafic de Tourcoing, inutilis\u00e9 depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, se transforme en \u00ab Labo de design des politiques publiquestransitoire\u00a0\u00bb. L\u2019occupation d\u2019un lieu vacant par une vingtaine d\u2019agents les conduit \u00e0 faire l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des difficult\u00e9s que rencontrent les candidats \u00e0 l\u2019occupation transitoire. Le Labo revisite le PC de Tourcoing en s\u2019interrogeant sur comment l\u2019\u00e9quiper l\u00e9g\u00e8rement pour faciliter son usage transitoire. A l\u2019usage, les agents du Labo co-construisent un \u00ab kit de bon usage des espaces publics \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res \u00bb qui r\u00e9pond \u00e0 3 sc\u00e9narios sugg\u00e9rant trois niveaux d\u2019implication de la MEL dans l\u2019ouverture de l\u2019espace \u00e0 des tiers utilisateurs\u00a0: la MEL utilise l\u2019espace pour ses propres services\u00a0; la MEL et un groupement d\u2019associations et de partenaires partagent l\u2019usage de l\u2019espace\u00a0; la MEL met l\u2019espace \u00e0 disposition d\u2019un tiers qui en assure la gestion.Ce \u00ab kit de bon usage des espaces publics \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res \u00bb est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019une cinquantaine d\u2019affiches pour \u00e9quiper l\u2019espace et comprend\u00a0:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n SUSCITER L\u2019ATTENTION POLITIQUE <\/strong><\/p>\n Impr\u00e9gnation sur le terrain, rep\u00e9rage de cas inspirants, exp\u00e9rimentation d\u2019un service public en occupation transitoire\u00a0: le Labo de la MEL s\u2019est fait une bonne id\u00e9e des enjeux et pistes \u00e0 suivre pour pr\u00e9figurer un futur service public de l\u2019occupation transitoire, une sorte de \u00ab\u00a0guichet\u00a0\u00bb ouvert \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des acteurs du territoire. Pour cr\u00e9er une rampe de lancement solide pour ce futur service, la MEL a besoin d\u2019un projet d\u00e9monstrateur d\u2019envergure, pr\u00e9figurateur et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur du service et susceptible de convaincre le niveau politique.<\/p>\n L\u2019inspiration vient alors de la ville de Riga partenaire du r\u00e9seau REFILL. \u00c9lue Capitale de la Culture en 2014, la ville alors en pleine crise \u00e9conomique ne dispose pas des infrastructures n\u00e9cessaires pour accueillir un tel \u00e9v\u00e9nement ni des moyens pour les construire. Elle s\u2019allie par un accord de collaboration avec un groupe d\u2019activistes urbains, squatteurs et acteurs de la sc\u00e8ne culturelle emmen\u00e9s par l\u2019association Free Riga[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>pour d\u00e9marrer une pratique de l\u2019occupation transitoire des espaces vacants de la ville et h\u00e9berger la programmation de sa Capitale de la Culture. L\u2019urgence de trouver des espaces pour pr\u00e9senter la bouillonnante sc\u00e8ne artistique lettone a permis de d\u00e9passer les frilosit\u00e9s politiques et de cr\u00e9er un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent sur lequel construire pour toutes les parties prenantes.<\/p>\n Or il se trouve que la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille vient de coiffer au poteau la ville de Sydney et sera la Capitale Mondiale du Design en 2020. Ce titre est d\u00e9cern\u00e9 tous les deux ans en signe de reconnaissance de l\u2019utilisation novatrice du design par une ville dans le but de renforcer son d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, social, culturel et environnemental. La candidature de la MEL a \u00e9t\u00e9 retenue pour proposer un audacieux processus de transformation du territoire par le design, s\u2019appuyant sur un appel \u00e0 projets d\u2019innovation par le design sur un ensemble de th\u00e9matique soci\u00e9tale et en particulier sur l\u2019\u00e9mergence du design appliqu\u00e9 aux politiques publiques. Sans \u00eatre en tous points comparable au contexte de Riga en 2014, Lille Capitale Mondiale du Design 2020 semble \u00eatre une \u00ab\u00a0rampe de lancement\u00a0\u00bb potentielle pour installer la pratique de l\u2019occupation transitoire sur le territoire. Plus de 350 \u00ab POC\u00a0\u00bb pour\u00a0proof of concept\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>sont annonc\u00e9es sur le territoire pour 2020. Le POC est une \u00e9tape cl\u00e9 du processus de design permettant par une exp\u00e9rimentation l\u00e9g\u00e8re de faire la preuve de viabilit\u00e9 du concept avant de d\u00e9velopper plus avant le projet. Ces POC sont autant d\u2019initiatives qui devront \u00eatre mise en visibilit\u00e9 et donc qui requerront autant d\u2019espaces transitoires durant l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es au public de visiteurs locaux, nationaux et internationaux.<\/p>\n Le Labo de la MEL et le Groupe de Travail Occupation Transitoire reprennent les outils de la Boite \u00e0 outil REFILL et co-construisent leur propre itin\u00e9raire vers une mise en place de l\u2019occupation transitoire.<\/p>\n CONCLUSIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n Cette exp\u00e9rience nous permet d\u2019\u00e9mettre quelques hypoth\u00e8ses d\u2019enrichissements mutuels entre d\u2019une part l\u2019approche URBACT (mise en r\u00e9seau de villes \u00e9changeant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne sur un d\u00e9fi sp\u00e9cifique en termes de politiques publiques pour co-construire avec les parties prenantes, un plan d\u2019action territorial) et, d\u2019autre part, l\u2019approche-type de constitution d\u2019un labo de design des politiques publiques(bas\u00e9e sur un processus de formation-action configurant une fonction innovation dans une administration publique \u00e0 partir des exp\u00e9riences cumul\u00e9es d\u2019un ensemble de projets pilotes).<\/p>\n L\u2019exp\u00e9rience capitalis\u00e9e de 10 villes sur une p\u00e9riode de 3 ans du r\u00e9seau REFILL a permis d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le processus de r\u00e9flexion du Groupe de Travail Occupation Transitoire de la MEL. L\u2019organisation des livrables du r\u00e9seau sous la forme d\u2019une boite \u00e0 outils modulaire, assortie d\u2019un large \u00e9ventail de cas d\u2019\u00e9tude le tout articul\u00e9 sous la forme d\u2019une feuille de route ouverte est imm\u00e9diatement actionnable par une ville tierce. La m\u00e9diation du transfert par un acteur \u00e0 la fois impliqu\u00e9 dans REFILL et dans le Labo de la MEL est un facteur facilitant.<\/p>\n L\u2019existence d\u2019un labo de design des politiques publiquesau sein de l\u2019administration de la M\u00e9tropole a permis de se saisir de mani\u00e8re plus rapide et op\u00e9rationnelle de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience accumul\u00e9e par le r\u00e9seau REFILL. La relative licence dont fait preuve un labo, sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019affranchir partiellement de la lenteur des processus d\u00e9cisionnels et hi\u00e9rarchiques pour a minima<\/em>engager une premi\u00e8re exp\u00e9rimentation prolonge le processus de co-construction par les parties prenantes en le rendant plus imm\u00e9diatement actionnable.<\/p>\n Les modes de travail d\u2019un labo de design des politiques publique et la m\u00e9thode URBACT ont en commun l\u2019approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, l\u2019implication d\u2019un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de parties prenantes dans des processus de co-conception et de programmation de l\u2019action publique. L\u2019approche labo ajoute l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation terrain, \u00e9tape cl\u00e9 du processus de design visant \u00e0 simuler et tester chaque action d\u2019un plan d\u2019action avant d\u00e9ploiement sur le territoire. Le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation est d\u2019une part, d\u2019\u00e9prouver et am\u00e9liorer chaque action et d\u2019autre part d\u2019associer les acteurs et d\u2019amorcer sa mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n L\u2019activation des \u00e9changes et r\u00e9flexions \u00e0 partir d\u2019un large \u00e9ventail de \u00ab\u00a0cas inspirants\u00a0\u00bb collect\u00e9s au sein du r\u00e9seau REFILL a permis d\u2019initier la conversation strat\u00e9gique au sein des parties prenantes et d\u2019identifier ce qu\u2019elles pensent \u00eatre des bonnes pratiques pour la conjoncture territoriale du moment et de saisir une opportunit\u00e9 comme peut repr\u00e9senter Lille Capitale Mondiale du Design 2020. La mise en avant de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents \u2013 m\u00eame s\u2019ils sont issus de contextes socio-culturels diff\u00e9rents \u2013 comme les cas pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s des villes de Gand ou Riga conforte les acteurs dans l\u2019id\u00e9e que si ce n\u2019est pas gagn\u00e9, c\u2019est au moins gagnable puisque d\u2019autres l\u2019ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait.<\/p>\n Enfin ce cas de collaboration avec la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille illustre un exemple complet de r\u00e9utilisation des enseignements capitalis\u00e9s par un r\u00e9seau URBACT comme REFILL. Il confirme la m\u00e9thode et les outils d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour l\u2019atelier\u00a0: Faites votre propre parcours de l\u2019usage temporaire<\/em>au Festival URBACT \u00e0 Lisbonne en septembre 2018 et annonce d\u2019autre processus de valorisation de REFILL comme celui par exemple initi\u00e9 avec la ville de Bruxelles et Brussels Perspective fin 2018.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/a>Fran\u00e7ois J\u00e9gou a accompagn\u00e9 le r\u00e9seau de ville REFILL the city<\/em>sur l\u2019usage temporaire des espaces vacants en tant que Lead expert URBACT (https:\/\/refillthecity.wordpress.com). Il accompagne la TRANSFO LILLE processus de co-construction d\u2019un labo de design des politiques publiques \u00e0 la M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille port\u00e9 par La 27e<\/sup>R\u00e9gion (http:\/\/latransfo.la27eregion.fr\/category\/transfo-5\/) et fait partie de la R\u00e9publique du Design<\/em>, Comit\u00e9 d’Organisation de Lille Capitale Mondiale du Design 2020 (https:\/\/www.lillemetropoleworlddesigncapital2020.fr).<\/p>\n [2]<\/a>Ulrike Felt, Professeure de Sciences et Technologie, Rectrice de la facult\u00e9 de Sciences sociales \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Vienne, conf\u00e9rence introductive \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence finale du projet H2020 RRI-tools, Bruxelles, 21-22 novembre 2016.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a>La 27e<\/sup>R\u00e9gion conduit des programmes de \u00ab\u00a0recherche-action \u00bb visant \u00e0 tester de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes d\u2019innovation avec les acteurs publicset bas\u00e9s sur la pluridisciplinarit\u00e9, sur des comp\u00e9tences issues du design et de la conception cr\u00e9ative, des sciences sociales ou encore des pratiques amateurs et sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue par les utilisateurs, agents et citoyens, comme un point de d\u00e9part pour r\u00e9interroger les politiques publiques.www.la27eregion.fr<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive3.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive4.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive7.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive9.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive5.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive6.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive10.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Capture-d\u2019\u00e9cran-2019-10-02-\u00e0-14.15.11.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive13.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive1.jpeg\")
<\/p>\nREFILL@LILLE<\/strong><\/h1>\n
<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive8.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Diapositive12.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n