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Fran\u00e7ois J\u00e9gou, Strategic Design Scenarios, November 2019<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n (Version fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la suite)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0We community collaborators have many ideas, but they are like a cloud. During these two days of work with the design students, the cloud turns into rain, the drops gather, flow and become reality…\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> Wei Xie concludes in front of the camera. On the table, a funny model of all the colours has just been reviewed in 25 points: greenhouse shack, irrigation game, dog poo composter, cooking school, miniature canteen, etc. The wall on the right of Wei Xie is covered with small papers that list the assets of the people who live in the large areas of northeast Beijing. The scene takes place on the 4th floor of the Tsinghua University Academy of Art and Design on a Sunday in late November afternoon.<\/p>\n \u201cNON-PLACES\u201d AT THE BOTTOM OF BUILDINGS<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0In the community where my family lives, 4500 people live in 1796 apartments divided into 19 6-storey blocks and 3 high rises, says Long Li. Between the buildings there are green spaces, but nobody does anything about them!\u201d<\/em>. And the other community collaborators present, list the many problems around these so-called green spaces at the bottom of buildings: parking on the flower beds; garbage bins in plant bins; animal waste; abusive privatisations of green space by families living on the ground floor; general lack of maintenance of the plantations; wasteland plots left abandoned; etc.<\/p>\n If the very high population density in these large areas does not facilitate living together, it is above all the lack of meaning for the users of \u00ab\u00a0decorative\u00a0\u00bb green spaces that is called into question here. The greening of the bottom of buildings is part of the practices of architects and developers and also of the implicit expectations of the inhabitants. On a daily basis, these consensual green spaces are unsuitable for the use that the inhabitants could make of them. \u00ab\u00a0Children can’t play on it, the elderly can’t sit in the shade and chat or play chess,\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> confirms Shunqui Hi, community collaborators from Evergreen Centre for Sustainable Development, Xicheng District, Beijing. These green spaces are \u00ab\u00a0non-places\u00a0\u00bb in Marc Aug\u00e9’s sense, that is, interchangeable spaces that human beings consume because they do not manage to appropriate them.<\/p>\n AROUND PROBLEMS RATHER THAN FACE THEM HEAD-ON<\/p>\n Wei Xie, Yankee Liu, Ling Li, Shunqui Hi, etc. are part of a group of 25 community collaborators and design students who participate in a 2-day workshop on the theme of \u201ccollective vegetable gardens as a tool for activating social links between the inhabitants of large cities\u201d. Professor Zhong Fang, who invited me to design and lead this workshop, has been working for nearly 10 years to introduce the topic of food in the design department of Tsinghua University in Beijing. If Fang and I are convinced of urban agriculture in all its forms and of its potential as a vector of social cohesion in neighbourhoods because we have seen it all over the world, the challenge here is significant: the 10 areas mentioned by community collaborators as the starting point for the workshop are emblematic of the highest urban densities in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin. In terms of population, the land potentially available at the bottom of the buildings represents an average of ten to fifteen people for each square metre, therefore in terms of vegetable gardens, a rather limited prospect. And this is without counting the problems between neighbours, which are not without reminding us, as Pierre Desproges humorously said, that \u00ab\u00a0the neighbour is a harmful species quite close to man\u00a0\u00bb. If the Chinese formula for referring to all the inhabitants of the same complex of buildings is to talk about a \u00ab\u00a0community of inhabitants\u00a0\u00bb, life in these large complexes of skyscrapers does not seem to be a matter for the community. \u00ab\u00a0We don’t share much except the memory that the neighbours formed before an urban community\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> confirms Yi Liu, co-organizer of the workshop, who came a year ago from ZhenZhou in central China to start a doctorate in Beijing and who plans to settle elsewhere where the climate is better afterwards.<\/p>\n It is not easy to build from so many problems and so few opportunities. In organizing the workshop with Fang and Yi, it seems important to me to change the perspective and to engage all participants to look for the assets and not only the problems that these communities of inhabitants could have around urban gardening and, in general, growing fruit and vegetable in the city. In the same way as approaches based on the search for positive points such as the ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) method, the idea is to make a localized inventory of the civic skills of a neighbourhood or a social group and all the other assets present in the surrounding system. The method, in its literal approach, facilitates the emergence of links between individuals and collective initiatives in their different contexts. Here, taken as a state of mind for the workshop, it makes it possible to have a more constructive approach and to make a detour that is often necessary to get out of the risk of being trapped in the treatment of problems stricto-sensu<\/em>, to take into consideration the assets that motivate the populations concerned and on which to leverage indirectly to return to the initial problems. For example, the presence of young children is central to their families. They are a motivation to provide healthy food education, practical nature teaching, reconnecting with plants, generating a sense of community, etc. \u00ab\u00a0My children were born in Beijing<\/em> says Wei Xie, <\/em>and they have no idea what it’s like to live in a neighbourhood, to enjoy the common spaces, to share with neighbours!\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n The group identifies multiple indirect assets on which to rebuild the collective through urban gardening: elderly people who have time to care for plants; indigenous gardening knowledge, vegetable and culinary talents from different parts of China, etc. Beyond people there are also material goods to value: seeds to exchange, gardening tools to share, flowerpots to fill, and even vegetable peels and dog droppings to compost…<\/p>\n Finally, participants list assets in the cultural capital such as a calendar of seasons well anchored in everyday life, punctuated by annual festivals, customs related to plantations, harvests, etc. with their corollary of culinary specialities.<\/p>\n BE INSPIRED BY EUROPEAN CITIES AND URBACT NETWORKS?<\/p>\n Can we inspire the protagonists gathered here with the dynamics of urban agriculture and collective gardening in European neighbourhoods? The title bears a question mark: the cases of good practices that I have brought have been collected by working with the city exchange networks within the URBACT programmes[1]<\/a> and it is not said that they can be activated on the scale of the large Chinese megacities. Pr\u00e9 Senty, a collective vegetable garden at the bottom of social housing in the 8th<\/sup> arrondissement in Lyon, France, shows that social inclusion can be generated with very small plots of land: around twenty gardeners grow pumpkins and 4 times a year a collective soup is organised for all the inhabitants of the surrounding apartment towers. The \u00ab\u00a0Self maintenance contracts\u00a0\u00bb for public green spaces by the inhabitants of Amersfoort in the Netherlands resonate with the appropriation of the green space by ground floor tenants: the abusive use of public property can become a proven strategy for the maintenance of green spaces by residents. Last but not least, the greening of tree feet by children in the Molenbeek district of Brussels and all symbolic or educational micro-gardening initiatives involving children from families living in the surrounding vertical dwellings are particularly aligned with the concerns of the communities of inhabitants of the major cities of Beijing and Tianjin. After the presentation of 20 of such examples collected from URBACT networks cities, the transfer process can start. The workshop participants smile and start talking to each other as they begin to build their mock-upl. No more English translation for me, they \u00ab\u00a0think with their hands\u00a0\u00bb and on the tables the projects start to develop…<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> See for instance URBACT II, Sustainable Food in Urban Communities<\/em>\u00a0: J\u00e9gou, F., Carey, J. 2015. Handbook, Creating Space for Sustainable Food System in Urban Communities, Practical approaches and examples for cities,<\/em> Strategic Design Scenarios Publishing, Brussels http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/creating-space-for-sustainable-food-systems-in-urban-communities\/<\/p>\n UTOPANG TOOLBOX<\/p>\n This workshop follows a conference organized by Tsinghua University and entitled: Food systems and city making<\/em> or in other words how the construction of cities through the involvement of citizens and the synergies between neighbourhood initiatives such as the constitution of collective vegetable gardens that we have just discussed here, can contribute to the transition towards a more sustainable and equitable organization of food production, distribution and consumption in the territory? This event organized in November 2019 in Beijing is part of a series of events on Design for the Collaborative City<\/em> organized by DESIS<\/em>, the international network of schools and universities on Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability,<\/em> starting in Shanghai at the end of 2018, then in Barcelona, Bogota, Beijing, Bangkok, Rome and finally in Lille in the autumn of 2020 on the occasion of Lille 2020 World Capital of Design.<\/p>\n Here Sunday evening, it’s the end of the workshop. The sunlight is declining at Tsinghua University and the participants are tired of this weekend’s work but happy with the outcomes. \u00ab\u00a0This is a good result achieved in such a short time\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>for Professor Xin Liu, who came to attend the final presentation of the workshop. A single large conceptual model integrates 5 points put forward by each of the 5 working groups, therefore a palette of 25 project sketches to start vegetable gardens in the Chinese capital.<\/p>\n Among the strategies proposed to solve the squaring of the circle between very high population concentrations and limited green spaces available in large building complexes, many revolve around children and the design of garden games: mini farms, small greenhouse villages, irrigation systems with bamboo gutters, educational compost, seasonal calendar wheels, fruit trees labelled with children’s poems, cooking workshops for children and canteen service for parents… The educational focus makes it possible to play on a sensitive string and engage families more easily, ensure everyone’s kindness but also to satisfy more households with very small vegetable gardens.<\/p>\n Many obstacles still remain to be overcome, such as the shade of skyscrapers, which leaves little sunlight for growing vegetables, or the presence of a park or public garden in the neighbourhood, which will attract many families to the detriment of involvement in gardening at the bottom of buildings.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0But then, asks Jianghong Liu, are there any other workshops planned, how are we progressing with all this?\u201d<\/em>. The collective model is designed as a tool for community collaborators. It is presented as a palette of possibilities sufficiently defined to be considered credible and inspire communities of inhabitants but also, sufficiently open to engage in a real co-design process, experiment in the field and precisely define vegetable garden or gardening solutions resulting from the specificities of each context.<\/p>\n CONNECTING THE DROPS!<\/p>\n Yi Liu, as co-organizer of the workshop, spontaneously states: \u00ab\u00a0Before I hated workshops of this kind. I worked for an agency that sold design thinking: workshops were organized to give the impression to clients that they were participating but everything was already defined in advance and everything that had been done during the workshop was thrown away as soon as the client left!\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n The community collaborators, invited to give the final word on what they bring home as a kind of workshop beneficiaries: \u00ab\u00a0the result feeds our needs as community\u201d<\/em>; \u00ab\u00a0I retain the constructive method based on assets\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>; \u00ab\u00a0we can work with children in the same way and design projects that will be more likely to last\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>; etc.<\/p>\n The participants named the entire outcomes model \u00ab\u00a0Utopang\u00a0\u00bb or something like: \u00ab\u00a0the garden of utopias\u00a0\u00bb. Let’s hope with Wei Xie and his poetic way to say it, that this drop of water will flow to meet others and fertilize a little the mineral capital of China!<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Fran\u00e7ois J\u00e9gou, Strategic Design Scenarios, Novembre 2019<\/em><\/p>\n (English version before)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0Nous les m\u00e9diateurs sociaux, nous avons pleins d\u2019id\u00e9es mais elles sont comme un nuage. Pendant ces deux jours de travail avec les \u00e9tudiants en design, le nuage se transforme en pluie, les gouttes se rassemblent, coulent et deviennent r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> conclue Wei Xie devant la cam\u00e9ra. Sur la table une dr\u00f4le de maquette de toutes les couleurs vient d\u2019\u00eatre pass\u00e9e en revue en 25 points : serre-cabane, jeu d\u2019irrigation, composteur \u00e0 crottes de chien, cuisine-\u00e9cole, cantine miniature, etc. Le mur \u00e0 la droite de Wei Xie est couvert de petits papiers qui inventorient les atouts des populations qui habitent dans les grands ensembles des quartiers nord-est de Beijing. La sc\u00e8ne se passe au 4\u00e8me<\/sup> \u00e9tage de l\u2019acad\u00e9mie d\u2019Art et Design de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Tsinghua un dimanche de novembre en fin d\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi.<\/p>\n DES \u00ab\u00a0NON-LIEUX\u00a0\u00bb EN PIEDS D\u2019IMMEUBLES<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0Dans la communaut\u00e9 o\u00f9 habite ma famille vivent 4500 personnes dans 1796 appartements r\u00e9partis 19 blocs de 6 \u00e9tages et 3 tours, d\u00e9clare Long Li. Entre les immeubles il y a des espaces verts mais dont personne n\u2019en fait rien !\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Et les autres m\u00e9diateurs sociaux pr\u00e9sents listent les multiples probl\u00e8mes autour de ces pr\u00e9tendus espaces verts en pied d\u2019immeubles : parkings sur les platebandes ; entrep\u00f4ts des poubelles dans les bacs \u00e0 plantes ; d\u00e9jections animales ; privatisations abusives par les familles des rez-de-chauss\u00e9e ; manque g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u2019entretien des plantations ; parcelles en friches laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019abandon ; etc.<\/p>\n Si la tr\u00e8s haute densit\u00e9 de population dans ces grands ensembles ne facilite pas le vivre ensemble, c\u2019est surtout le manque de sens pour les usagers des espaces verts \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9coratifs\u00a0\u00bb qui est remis ici en cause. La verdurisation des pieds d\u2019immeubles fait partie des pratiques des architectes et des promoteurs et aussi des attentes implicites des habitants. Au quotidien, ces espaces verts consensuels sont impropres \u00e0 l\u2019usage que pourraient en faire les habitants. \u00ab\u00a0Les enfants ne peuvent pas y jouer, les \u00e2g\u00e9s ne peuvent pas s\u2019assoir \u00e0 l\u2019ombre pour bavarder ou jouer aux \u00e9checs\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> confirme Shunqui Hi m\u00e9diateur social du Centre pour le D\u00e9veloppement Drable Evergreen, du quartier de Xicheng \u00e0 Beijing. Ces espaces verts sont des \u00ab\u00a0non-lieux\u00a0\u00bb au sens de Marc Aug\u00e9, soit des espaces interchangeables que les \u00eatres humains consomment parce qu\u2019ils ne parviennent pas \u00e0 se les approprier.<\/p>\n CONTOURNER LES PROBL\u00c8MES PLUTOT QUE LES AFFRONTER DE FACE<\/p>\n Wei Xie, Yankee Liu, Ling Li, Shunqui Hi, etc. font partie d\u2019un groupe de 25 m\u00e9diateurs sociaux et \u00e9tudiants en design qui participent \u00e0 2 jours d\u2019atelier sur la th\u00e9matique des potagers collectifs comme outil d\u2019activation des liens sociaux entre les habitants des grandes villes. La Professeure Zhong Fang qui m\u2019a invit\u00e9 \u00e0 concevoir et guider cet atelier, travaille depuis pr\u00e8s de 10 ans sur le sujet au sein de d\u00e9partement de design de la grande universit\u00e9 Tsinghua \u00e0 Beijing. Si Fang et moi-m\u00eame sommes convaincu de l\u2019agriculture urbaine sous toutes ses formes et de son potentiel comme vecteur du lien social dans les quartiers pour l\u2019avoir constat\u00e9 partout dans le monde, le d\u00e9fi est ici de taille : les 10 terrains dont font \u00e9tat les m\u00e9diateurs sociaux comme point de d\u00e9part de l\u2019atelier sont embl\u00e9matiques des plus hautes densit\u00e9s urbaines des villes de Beijing et Tianjin. Ramen\u00e9s au nombre d\u2019habitants les terrains potentiellement disponibles en bas des immeubles repr\u00e9sentent en moyenne dix \u00e0 quinze personnes pour chaque m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 soit en termes de potager, des perspectives plut\u00f4t limit\u00e9es. Et ceci sans compter les griefs r\u00e9ciproques entre voisins qui ne sont pas sans rappeler comme le disait avec humour Pierre Desproges, que \u00ab\u00a0le voisin est une esp\u00e8ce nuisible assez proche de l\u2019homme\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Si la formule consacr\u00e9e en Chine pour d\u00e9signer l\u2019ensemble des habitants d\u2019un m\u00eame ensemble d\u2019immeubles et de parler d\u2019une \u00abcommunaut\u00e9\u00a0d\u2019habitants\u00a0\u00bb, la vie dans ces grands ensembles de gratte-ciels ne semble pas relever de la communaut\u00e9. \u00ab\u00a0Nous ne partageons pas grand-chose si ce n\u2019est le souvenir que les voisins formaient avant une communaut\u00e9 urbaine\u00a0\u00bb, confirme Yi Liu co-organisatrice de l\u2019atelier et venue il y a un an de ZhenZhou dans le centre de la Chine pour faire un doctorat \u00e0 Beijing et qui compte bien repartir s\u2019\u00e9tablir ailleurs o\u00f9 le climat est meilleur apr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n On ne construit pas facilement \u00e0 partir de tant de probl\u00e8mes et si peu d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. En organisant le d\u00e9roul\u00e9 de l\u2019atelier avec Fang et Yi, il me semble important de changer de perspective et d\u2019engager d\u2019embl\u00e9e tous les participants \u00e0 chercher les atouts et non plus les probl\u00e8mes que ces communaut\u00e9s d\u2019habitants pourraient avoir autour du jardinage urbain et, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, de la production de fruits et l\u00e9gumes dans la ville. A la mani\u00e8re des approches bas\u00e9es sur la recherche de points positifs comme la m\u00e9thodes ABCD (Asset Based Community Development)<\/em>, l\u2019id\u00e9e est de faire un inventaire localis\u00e9 des comp\u00e9tences citoyennes d’un quartier ou d’un groupe social et de tous les autres atouts pr\u00e9sents dans le syst\u00e8me environnant. La m\u00e9thode dans son approche litt\u00e9rale, facilite l’\u00e9mergence de liens entre individus et les initiatives collectives dans leurs diff\u00e9rents contextes. Ici, prise comme \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit pour l\u2019atelier, elle permet d\u2019avoir une approche plus constructive et de faire un d\u00e9tour souvent n\u00e9cessaire pour se sortir du risque d\u2019enfermement dans le traitement des probl\u00e8mes stricto-sensu<\/em>, pour prendre en consid\u00e9ration des atouts qui motivent les populations concern\u00e9es et sur lesquels faire levier indirectement pour revenir sur les probl\u00e8mes initiaux. Par exemple, la pr\u00e9sence jeunes enfants occupent une place centrale dans leurs familles. Ils sont une motivation pour fournir une \u00e9ducation alimentaire saine, un enseignement pratique de la nature, retrouver un contact avec le v\u00e9g\u00e9tal, g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un sens de la communaut\u00e9, etc. \u00ab\u00a0Mes enfants sont n\u00e9s \u00e0 Beijing, d\u00e9clare Wei Xie, et ils ne savent pas du tout ce que c\u2019est de vivre dans un quartier, de profiter des espaces en commun, de partager avec les voisins\u00a0! \u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n Le groupe identifie de multiples atouts indirects sur lesquels reconstruire du collectif via le jardinage en milieux urbain : des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es qui ont du temps pour s\u2019occuper de plantes ; des connaissances autochtones en mati\u00e8re de jardinage, des talents potagers et culinaires en provenance de diff\u00e9rentes parties de la Chine, etc. Au-del\u00e0 des personnes il y a aussi des biens mat\u00e9riels \u00e0 valoriser : des semences \u00e0 \u00e9changer, des outils de jardinages \u00e0 mettre en commun, des pots de fleurs \u00e0 remplir, et m\u00eame des \u00e9pluchures de l\u00e9gumes et des crottes chien \u00e0 composter…<\/p>\n Enfin, les participants listent des atouts dans le capital culturel comme un calendrier des saisons bien ancr\u00e9 dans le quotidien ponctu\u00e9 de f\u00eates annuelles, de coutumes li\u00e9es aux plantations, aux r\u00e9coltes, etc. avec leur corollaire de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s culinaires.<\/p>\n S\u2019INSPIRER DES VILLES EUROP\u00c9ENNES DES R\u00c9SEAUX URBACTS\u00a0?<\/p>\n Peut-on inspirer les protagonistes r\u00e9unis ici avec les dynamiques d\u2019agriculture urbaine et de jardinage collectif dans les quartiers en Europe\u00a0? Le titre porte un point d\u2019interrogation\u00a0: les cas de bonnes pratiques que j\u2019ai apport\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s en travaillant avec les r\u00e9seaux d\u2019\u00e9changes entre ville au sein des programmes URBACT[1]<\/a> et il n\u2019est pas dit qu\u2019ils soient actionnables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des grandes m\u00e9galopoles chinoises. Le Pr\u00e9 Senty un potager collectif en pied de logements sociaux dans le 8\u00e8me<\/sup> arrondissement \u00e0 Lyon en France montre que l\u2019on peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de l\u2019inclusion sociale avec des tr\u00e8s petits terrains\u00a0: une vingtaine de jardiniers font pousser des potirons et 4 fois par ans une soupe collective est organis\u00e9e pour tous les habitants des tours environnantes. Les \u00ab\u00a0Contrats d\u2019auto-entretien\u00a0\u00bb des espaces verts publics par les habitants d\u2019Amersfoort aux Pays-Bas r\u00e9sonnent avec l\u2019appropriation des platebandes par les locataires du rez-de-chauss\u00e9e\u00a0: l\u2019usage abusif du bien publics peut devenir une strat\u00e9gie av\u00e9r\u00e9e d\u2019entretien des espaces verts par les habitants. Enfin et surtout, la verdurisation des pieds d\u2019arbres par les enfants dans le quartier de Molenbeek \u00e0 Bruxelles et toutes les initiatives de micro-jardinage symbolique ou p\u00e9dagogique impliquant les enfants des familles habitant dans les logements verticaux alentours se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent particuli\u00e8rement align\u00e9s avec les pr\u00e9occupations des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019habitants des grands ensembles de Beijing et Tianjin. Apr\u00e8s la pr\u00e9sentation d\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019exemples de ce type choisis parmi les villes des r\u00e9seaux URBACT, le transfert commence. Les participants \u00e0 l\u2019atelier ont le sourire et commencent \u00e0 discuter entre eux en commen\u00e7ant \u00e0 construire chacun leur maquette. Plus question de traduction en anglais pour moi, ils \u00ab\u00a0pensent avec les mains\u00a0\u00bb et sur les tables les projets commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper…<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.strategicdesignscenarios.net\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Diapositive7.jpeg\")
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UTOPANG, UNE GOUTTE D\u2019EAU A BEIJING\u00a0!<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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